Laws of Thermodynamics
The four laws of thermodynamics.
The four laws of thermodynamics: the zeroth law on thermal equilibrium, the first law on energy conservation, the second law on entropy and the third law on absolute zero. Extra rows state the second law in its Clausius, Kelvin-Planck and entropy forms.
Use it when
- You need the standard statement of each thermodynamic law.
- You are connecting a heat-engine or refrigerator problem to the right form of the second law.
Watch out for
- Thermodynamic laws describe macroscopic systems statistically; the second law is not violated by rare fluctuations in tiny systems because it concerns averages.
- Entropy statements apply to isolated systems; a part of a system can decrease in entropy if it exports entropy elsewhere.
The data
7 rows
| Law | Description |
|---|---|
| Zeroth Law | If two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are in equilibrium with each other. |
| First Law | Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed. |
| Second Law | Entropy of an isolated system tends to increase over time. |
| Third Law | As temperature approaches absolute zero, entropy approaches a constant minimum. |
| Second Law (Clausius statement) | Heat does not flow spontaneously from a colder body to a hotter body without work being done. |
| Second Law (Kelvin-Planck statement) | No cyclic process can convert heat from a single reservoir entirely into work. |
| Second Law (entropy statement) | The total entropy of an isolated system never decreases over time. |
Fields
The shape of this dataset, read from the data itself: every column, its type and a real value. Agents can use this to plan a query without fetching the whole document.
| Section | Field | Type | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| data | law | string | Zeroth Law |
| data | description | string | If two systems are each in thermal equilibrium … |
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