{
    "api": "YAML JSON TOON Database",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "format": "json",
    "dataset": {
        "id": 1,
        "slug": "language-comparison-2026",
        "title": "Popular Programming Languages Comparison",
        "description": "Comparison of popular programming languages with paradigm, typing, and use cases.",
        "summary": "A comparison of programming languages by paradigm, typing, first release year and typical use cases, covering Python, Rust, TypeScript, Go, Zig and PHP, extended with Java, C, C++, C#, JavaScript, Kotlin, Swift, Ruby, Dart, Julia, R and Scala.",
        "use_when": [
            "You need a quick profile of a language: paradigm, typing, age and where it is used.",
            "You are shortlisting languages for a project."
        ],
        "caveats": [
            "The year is the first public release or announcement and not the age of the current version.",
            "Use cases are typical, not exclusive; most languages are used well beyond them."
        ],
        "related": [
            "python-builtins",
            "typescript-type-system",
            "rust-language-features",
            "go-concurrency-patterns"
        ],
        "category": "Programming Languages",
        "category_slug": "programming-languages",
        "tags": "programming,comparison,languages",
        "view_count": 0,
        "created_at": 1777673262,
        "updated_at": 1777673262,
        "entry_count": 18,
        "fields": [
            {
                "section": "languages",
                "field": "name",
                "type": "string",
                "example": "Python"
            },
            {
                "section": "languages",
                "field": "paradigm",
                "type": "string",
                "example": "Multi-paradigm"
            },
            {
                "section": "languages",
                "field": "typing",
                "type": "string",
                "example": "Dynamic"
            },
            {
                "section": "languages",
                "field": "year",
                "type": "integer",
                "example": "1991"
            },
            {
                "section": "languages",
                "field": "use_cases",
                "type": "array",
                "example": "[3 items]"
            }
        ]
    },
    "data": {
        "languages": [
            {
                "name": "Python",
                "paradigm": "Multi-paradigm",
                "typing": "Dynamic",
                "year": 1991,
                "use_cases": [
                    "Data Science",
                    "Web",
                    "Automation"
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "Rust",
                "paradigm": "Multi-paradigm",
                "typing": "Static",
                "year": 2010,
                "use_cases": [
                    "Systems",
                    "WebAssembly",
                    "Embedded"
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "TypeScript",
                "paradigm": "Multi-paradigm",
                "typing": "Static",
                "year": 2012,
                "use_cases": [
                    "Web Frontend",
                    "Node.js",
                    "Enterprise"
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "Go",
                "paradigm": "Procedural",
                "typing": "Static",
                "year": 2009,
                "use_cases": [
                    "Cloud",
                    "Microservices",
                    "DevOps"
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "Zig",
                "paradigm": "Procedural",
                "typing": "Static",
                "year": 2016,
                "use_cases": [
                    "Systems",
                    "Games",
                    "Embedded"
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "PHP",
                "paradigm": "Multi-paradigm",
                "typing": "Dynamic",
                "year": 1995,
                "use_cases": [
                    "Web Backend",
                    "CMS",
                    "E-commerce"
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "Java",
                "paradigm": "Object-oriented",
                "typing": "Static",
                "year": 1995,
                "use_cases": [
                    "Enterprise",
                    "Android",
                    "Backend"
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "C",
                "paradigm": "Procedural",
                "typing": "Static",
                "year": 1972,
                "use_cases": [
                    "Operating Systems",
                    "Embedded",
                    "Systems"
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "C++",
                "paradigm": "Multi-paradigm",
                "typing": "Static",
                "year": 1985,
                "use_cases": [
                    "Games",
                    "Systems",
                    "High-Performance Computing"
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "C#",
                "paradigm": "Multi-paradigm",
                "typing": "Static",
                "year": 2000,
                "use_cases": [
                    ".NET",
                    "Games (Unity)",
                    "Enterprise"
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "JavaScript",
                "paradigm": "Multi-paradigm",
                "typing": "Dynamic",
                "year": 1995,
                "use_cases": [
                    "Web Front End",
                    "Node.js",
                    "Scripting"
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "Kotlin",
                "paradigm": "Multi-paradigm",
                "typing": "Static",
                "year": 2011,
                "use_cases": [
                    "Android",
                    "JVM Backend",
                    "Multiplatform"
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "Swift",
                "paradigm": "Multi-paradigm",
                "typing": "Static",
                "year": 2014,
                "use_cases": [
                    "iOS",
                    "macOS",
                    "Apple Platforms"
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "Ruby",
                "paradigm": "Object-oriented",
                "typing": "Dynamic",
                "year": 1995,
                "use_cases": [
                    "Web (Rails)",
                    "Scripting",
                    "Automation"
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "Dart",
                "paradigm": "Object-oriented",
                "typing": "Static",
                "year": 2011,
                "use_cases": [
                    "Flutter Apps",
                    "Mobile",
                    "Web"
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "Julia",
                "paradigm": "Multi-paradigm",
                "typing": "Dynamic",
                "year": 2012,
                "use_cases": [
                    "Scientific Computing",
                    "Numerical Analysis",
                    "Data Science"
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "R",
                "paradigm": "Functional",
                "typing": "Dynamic",
                "year": 1993,
                "use_cases": [
                    "Statistics",
                    "Data Analysis",
                    "Visualization"
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "Scala",
                "paradigm": "Multi-paradigm",
                "typing": "Static",
                "year": 2004,
                "use_cases": [
                    "Big Data",
                    "Backend",
                    "Functional Programming"
                ]
            }
        ]
    }
}