{
    "api": "YAML JSON TOON Database",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "format": "json",
    "dataset": {
        "slug": "fiscal-policy-tools",
        "title": "Fiscal Policy Tools",
        "description": "Government tools for managing the economy.",
        "summary": "The levers governments use to influence the economy through budgets: spending, taxation, public debt and transfer payments, plus subsidies, automatic stabilizers, deficits and surpluses, tax credits and progressive taxation.",
        "use_when": [
            "You need a definition of a fiscal tool and what it does.",
            "You are separating discretionary policy from automatic stabilizers."
        ],
        "caveats": [
            "Fiscal effects depend on timing, size, financing and the state of the economy; multipliers are debated.",
            "Fiscal and monetary policy interact: debt financing and central-bank rates affect each other."
        ],
        "related": [
            "monetary-policy-tools",
            "macroeconomic-indicators",
            "economic-systems"
        ],
        "category": "Economics",
        "category_slug": "economics",
        "tags": "economics,fiscal,policy",
        "view_count": 0,
        "entry_count": 9,
        "fields": [
            {
                "section": "data",
                "field": "tool",
                "type": "string",
                "example": "Government Spending"
            },
            {
                "section": "data",
                "field": "description",
                "type": "string",
                "example": "Direct expenditure on public goods and services."
            }
        ]
    },
    "data": [
        {
            "tool": "Government Spending",
            "description": "Direct expenditure on public goods and services."
        },
        {
            "tool": "Taxation",
            "description": "Levies on income, consumption, and wealth."
        },
        {
            "tool": "Public Debt",
            "description": "Borrowing to finance budget deficits."
        },
        {
            "tool": "Transfer Payments",
            "description": "Payments to individuals such as unemployment benefits."
        },
        {
            "tool": "Subsidies",
            "description": "Government payments or tax relief that lower the cost of producing or buying certain goods."
        },
        {
            "tool": "Automatic Stabilizers",
            "description": "Taxes and benefits that adjust with the cycle without new legislation, such as unemployment insurance."
        },
        {
            "tool": "Budget Deficit and Surplus",
            "description": "The gap between government spending and revenue in a year; a deficit adds to debt."
        },
        {
            "tool": "Tax Credits and Deductions",
            "description": "Provisions that reduce tax owed or taxable income for targeted behavior or groups."
        },
        {
            "tool": "Progressive Taxation",
            "description": "A tax whose rate rises with income, redistributing and stabilizing demand."
        }
    ]
}