{
    "api": "YAML JSON TOON Database",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "format": "json",
    "category": {
        "id": 25,
        "slug": "linguistics",
        "name": "Linguistics",
        "description": "Language structure, phonetics, and semantics.",
        "icon": "globe",
        "created_at": 1783090350,
        "topic": {
            "overview": "Linguistics reference data describes how languages are built and related: the families that group them by common ancestry, the parts of speech and syntactic terms that describe sentence structure, the morphological processes that form words, and the phonetic spelling alphabet used in radio and aviation. Most of these terms have a core meaning everyone accepts, and edges that linguists argue about: whether a word is an adjective or a determiner, where one language ends and a dialect begins, whether two families are related at all. The goal here is accurate working definitions with examples.",
            "key_ideas": [
                {
                    "term": "Language family",
                    "meaning": "A group of languages that descend from a common ancestor, shown by systematic sound and vocabulary correspondences."
                },
                {
                    "term": "Isolate",
                    "meaning": "A language with no demonstrated relatives, such as Basque."
                },
                {
                    "term": "Morpheme",
                    "meaning": "The smallest unit of meaning in a language, such as 'un-', 'happy' and '-ness' in 'unhappiness'."
                },
                {
                    "term": "Syntax",
                    "meaning": "The rules for combining words into phrases and sentences."
                },
                {
                    "term": "Phoneme",
                    "meaning": "A sound unit that distinguishes meaning in a language, such as /p/ and /b/ in 'pat' and 'bat'."
                },
                {
                    "term": "Descriptive vs prescriptive",
                    "meaning": "Descriptive grammar records how people actually speak; prescriptive grammar says how they should."
                },
                {
                    "term": "Typology",
                    "meaning": "The classification of languages by structural features such as word order, rather than by ancestry."
                }
            ],
            "pitfalls": [
                "Assuming similarity means relationship. Languages can share words through borrowing or chance without being related.",
                "Counting languages as if the boundary were clear. Language versus dialect is partly political and social.",
                "Treating English parts-of-speech categories as universal; other languages have different word classes.",
                "Equating a writing system with a language. One language can be written in several scripts and one script can write several languages."
            ],
            "agent_tips": [
                "Give an example word or sentence with each linguistic term; it makes the definition checkable.",
                "State whether a classification, such as a language family, is the mainstream view or debated.",
                "For pronunciation, distinguish the spelling alphabet (NATO code words) from the phonetic alphabet (IPA)."
            ],
            "start_with": [
                "parts-of-speech",
                "language-families"
            ]
        }
    },
    "datasets": [
        {
            "id": 1,
            "slug": "language-families",
            "title": "Language Families",
            "description": "Major language families of the world.",
            "tags": "linguistics,families,languages",
            "view_count": 0,
            "created_at": 1783090350,
            "entry_count": 17,
            "summary": "Major language families with their principal languages and regions: Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan, Afro-Asiatic, Niger-Congo, Austronesian, Dravidian and Uralic, plus Turkic, Austroasiatic, Tai-Kadai, Japonic, Koreanic, Nilo-Saharan, Mongolic, Quechuan, Algonquian and Eskimo-Aleut."
        },
        {
            "id": 2,
            "slug": "morphological-processes",
            "title": "Morphological Processes",
            "description": "Ways in which words are formed and modified.",
            "tags": "linguistics,morphology,words",
            "view_count": 0,
            "created_at": 1783090350,
            "entry_count": 14,
            "summary": "The ways words are formed and changed: inflection, derivation, compounding, reduplication, clipping, blending and acronyms, plus conversion, back-formation, suppletion, ablaut, affixation, initialisms and eponyms."
        },
        {
            "id": 3,
            "slug": "phonetic-alphabet",
            "title": "NATO Phonetic Alphabet",
            "description": "International radiotelephony spelling alphabet.",
            "tags": "linguistics,phonetics,alphabet",
            "view_count": 0,
            "created_at": 1783090350,
            "entry_count": 26,
            "summary": "The NATO phonetic (spelling) alphabet: the 26 code words used to spell letters clearly over radio and telephone, from Alpha to Zulu. It is a spelling aid, not a phonetic notation such as the IPA."
        },
        {
            "id": 4,
            "slug": "parts-of-speech",
            "title": "Parts of Speech",
            "description": "Traditional grammatical categories of words.",
            "tags": "linguistics,grammar,syntax",
            "view_count": 0,
            "created_at": 1783090350,
            "entry_count": 12,
            "summary": "The traditional word classes: noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction and interjection, with determiners, articles, auxiliary verbs and particles that modern grammars distinguish as well. Each has a description and an example."
        },
        {
            "id": 5,
            "slug": "syntactic-terms",
            "title": "Syntactic Terms",
            "description": "Basic terms for sentence structure.",
            "tags": "linguistics,syntax,grammar",
            "view_count": 0,
            "created_at": 1783090350,
            "entry_count": 19,
            "summary": "Terms for describing sentence structure: subject, predicate, object, clause, phrase, modifier and complement, plus adjuncts, heads, arguments, noun and verb phrases, transitivity, agreement, voice, coordination and relative clauses."
        }
    ]
}