Web Technologies reference data
Standards, protocols, and APIs for web development.
Topic guide
What Web Technologies covers
Web-technology reference data covers the platform that browsers and servers share: the HTTP protocol and its evolution, the request and response headers that carry control information, the browser APIs that give pages access to storage, networking and hardware, the CSS layout systems that arrange content, and the JavaScript frameworks that structure applications. Standards come from several bodies (IETF for protocols, WHATWG and W3C for the platform) and support arrives browser by browser, so almost every entry needs the qualifier 'supported in which browsers, since which version'. Behavior also differs between secure contexts (HTTPS) and plain pages, which gate many APIs.
Key ideas
- Web standard
- A specification maintained by a body such as the IETF, W3C or WHATWG. Browsers implement them at different times and with different completeness.
- Secure context
- A page served over HTTPS (or localhost). Many powerful APIs, such as service workers and geolocation, are available only there.
- Progressive enhancement
- Building a page that works with basic features and adds capabilities where the browser supports them.
- Same-origin policy
- A browser rule that restricts how a document from one origin may interact with resources from another; CORS relaxes it deliberately.
- Request and response headers
- Key-value metadata that accompanies every HTTP message: content type, caching, authentication, cookies and security policy.
- Flexbox and Grid
- CSS layout systems: Flexbox arranges items along one axis, Grid in two dimensions.
- Framework vs library
- A library is called by your code; a framework calls your code and imposes structure. React is usually described as a library, Angular as a framework.
Common pitfalls
- Assuming a feature works everywhere because it works in one browser. Check compatibility data and have a fallback.
- Setting security headers (CSP, HSTS) without testing; a restrictive policy can break the site or a permissive one gives false comfort.
- Choosing a framework by popularity alone instead of by the team's skills and the app's needs.
- Treating localStorage as secure storage. Any script on the page can read it.
Using it from an agent
- Give the specification or MDN reference for a feature and state the support level (baseline, experimental).
- Recommend security headers as a set (HSTS, CSP, X-Content-Type-Options, Referrer-Policy) and explain each one's purpose.
- When comparing frameworks, state the criteria (learning curve, ecosystem, performance model) and avoid declaring a winner.
Start with: HTTP Request Headers · CSS Layout Systems Reference
Datasets in Web Technologies
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Accessible Interface Pattern Checklist
Keyboard, focus, and semantic requirements for common browser interface patterns.
10 entries -
Browser Security Headers Reference
Security-related HTTP response headers, small example policies, and deployment checks for ordinary websites.
10 entries -
Browser Web APIs Reference
Essential browser APIs: Fetch, WebSocket, Service Workers, Web Storage, Geolocation, Canvas, WebGL, Notifications, Clipboard.
12 entries -
CSS Layout Systems Reference
Modern CSS layout systems: Flexbox, CSS Grid, Multi-column, Positioning, and Container Queries with specifications and use cases.
8 entries -
CSS Preprocessors & Modern CSS Features
Sass/SCSS, Less, Stylus features; modern CSS (CSS Variables, Grid, Flexbox, Container Queries, Cascade Layers).
10 entries -
HTTP Methods
Complete reference of HTTP methods with descriptions and typical use cases.
9 entries -
HTTP Protocol Evolution: HTTP/1.1 to HTTP/3
The evolution of HTTP from HTTP/1.1 through HTTP/2 to HTTP/3 (QUIC): key differences, performance implications, migration strategies, and adoption status.
3 entries -
HTTP Request Headers
Common HTTP request headers and their purposes.
20 entries -
HTTP Response Headers
Common HTTP response headers and their purposes.
22 entries -
JSON Schema 2020-12 Keyword Reference
Core validation and composition keywords in JSON Schema 2020-12, with compact examples and traps.
16 entries -
JavaScript Frameworks Comparison (React, Vue, Angular, Svelte)
Compare modern JS frameworks: React (component-based, virtual DOM), Vue (progressive, approachable), Angular (enterprise, TypeScript-first), Svelte (compiler-based, no runtime).
4 entries -
Responsive CSS Layout Recipes
Small CSS patterns for resilient columns, readable text, scrollable data, and mobile controls.
10 entries -
Web API Standards Reference
Modern web API standards: Fetch API, WebSockets, WebRTC, Web Workers, Service Workers, and WebAssembly with specs and use cases.
14 entries
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