api: YAML JSON TOON Database
version: 1.0.0
format: toon
dataset:
  id: 2899
  slug: space-missions-milestones
  title: Space Mission Milestones
  description: Landmark missions in the history of space exploration.
  summary: "Milestones in space exploration from Sputnik 1 to the James Webb Space Telescope, each with its year and what it achieved. Added entries cover the first human in space, first Moon landings and orbits, the first planetary landers, comet landing, rovers and helicopter flight, and the Artemis I test flight."
  use_when[2]: You need a dated list of firsts in spaceflight and space science.,You are building a timeline of exploration.
  caveats[2]: "The year is that of the headline achievement, which can differ from the launch year.","'First' claims are specific: for example, the first human in space was Yuri Gagarin in 1961 and the first crewed lunar landing was Apollo 11 in 1969."
  related[3]: solar-system-planets,phases-of-moon,types-of-stars
  entry_count: 25
  fields[3]{section,field,type,example}:
    data,mission,string,Sputnik 1
    data,year,integer,"1957"
    data,achievement,string,First artificial Earth satellite.
  category: Astronomy
  category_slug: astronomy
  tags: "astronomy,space,missions"
  view_count: 51
  created_at: 1793403093
  updated_at: 1793403093
data[25]{mission,year,achievement}:
  Sputnik 1,1957,First artificial Earth satellite.
  Apollo 11,1969,First crewed Moon landing.
  Voyager 1,1977,First spacecraft to enter interstellar space.
  Hubble Space Telescope,1990,Major space-based optical observatory.
  International Space Station,1998,Continuously inhabited orbital laboratory.
  Curiosity Rover,2012,Mars rover exploring Gale crater.
  James Webb Space Telescope,2021,Infrared observatory successor to Hubble.
  Explorer 1,1958,First United States satellite; detected the Van Allen radiation belts.
  Luna 2,1959,First spacecraft to reach the surface of the Moon.
  Vostok 1,1961,First human in space and in orbit (Yuri Gagarin).
  Mariner 4,1965,First close-up photographs of Mars during a flyby.
  Luna 9,1966,First soft landing on the Moon and first pictures from its surface.
  Apollo 8,1968,First crewed spacecraft to orbit the Moon.
  Venera 7,1970,First spacecraft to land on another planet and transmit data from its surface (Venus).
  Pioneer 10,1973,"First spacecraft to fly past Jupiter, after crossing the asteroid belt."
  Viking 1,1976,First successful Mars lander that operated for years.
  Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-1),1981,First orbital flight of a reusable crewed spacecraft.
  Mir,1986,First modular space station; its core module was launched in 1986.
  Mars Pathfinder and Sojourner,1997,First wheeled rover to operate on Mars.
  Cassini-Huygens,2005,The Huygens probe made the first landing on a moon of another planet (Titan).
  Rosetta and Philae,2014,First soft landing on a comet.
  New Horizons,2015,First flyby of Pluto.
  Perseverance and Ingenuity,2021,"First powered, controlled flight on another planet (Ingenuity on Mars)."
  Artemis I,2022,Uncrewed test flight of the Orion spacecraft around the Moon on the Space Launch System rocket.
  Chandrayaan-3,2023,First soft landing near the Moon's south polar region.