{
    "api": "YAML JSON TOON Database",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "format": "json",
    "dataset": {
        "id": 2848,
        "slug": "metaphysics-concepts",
        "title": "Metaphysics Concepts",
        "description": "Fundamental concepts in metaphysics.",
        "summary": "Fundamental concepts about what exists and how it is structured: ontology, causality, free will, determinism, identity and possible worlds, plus substance, universals, time, the mind-body problem, essence, personal identity, materialism, idealism and emergence.",
        "use_when": [
            "You need a precise definition of a metaphysical term.",
            "You are following a debate about mind, time or causation."
        ],
        "caveats": [
            "Each concept is the subject of competing theories; the definitions state the question, not its resolution.",
            "Metaphysical terms are used with different meanings across traditions and periods."
        ],
        "related": [
            "epistemology-terms",
            "major-philosophers",
            "philosophical-traditions",
            "quantum-mechanics-basics"
        ],
        "entry_count": 16,
        "fields": [
            {
                "section": "data",
                "field": "concept",
                "type": "string",
                "example": "Ontology"
            },
            {
                "section": "data",
                "field": "description",
                "type": "string",
                "example": "Study of being and existence."
            }
        ],
        "category": "Philosophy",
        "category_slug": "philosophy",
        "tags": "philosophy,metaphysics,ontology",
        "view_count": 46,
        "created_at": 1793403093,
        "updated_at": 1793403093
    },
    "data": [
        {
            "concept": "Ontology",
            "description": "Study of being and existence."
        },
        {
            "concept": "Causality",
            "description": "Relationship between cause and effect."
        },
        {
            "concept": "Free Will",
            "description": "Capacity to choose between alternatives."
        },
        {
            "concept": "Determinism",
            "description": "All events are determined by prior causes."
        },
        {
            "concept": "Identity",
            "description": "What makes an entity the same over time."
        },
        {
            "concept": "Possible Worlds",
            "description": "Framework for analyzing necessity and possibility."
        },
        {
            "concept": "Substance",
            "description": "What underlies and persists through the changes of a thing; classically, an entity that exists in its own right."
        },
        {
            "concept": "Universals and Particulars",
            "description": "Universals are properties that can be shared (redness); particulars are individual things."
        },
        {
            "concept": "Time",
            "description": "Debated between the A-theory (the present is special and time passes) and the B-theory (all times are equally real)."
        },
        {
            "concept": "Mind-Body Problem",
            "description": "How mental states relate to physical states, with answers such as dualism, physicalism and idealism."
        },
        {
            "concept": "Essence and Accident",
            "description": "An essential property is one a thing cannot lose and remain what it is; an accidental one it can."
        },
        {
            "concept": "Personal Identity",
            "description": "What makes a person the same over time: body, memory, psychological continuity or something else."
        },
        {
            "concept": "Materialism",
            "description": "The view that everything that exists is physical or depends on the physical."
        },
        {
            "concept": "Idealism",
            "description": "The view that reality is fundamentally mental or dependent on mind."
        },
        {
            "concept": "Emergence",
            "description": "The idea that complex wholes have properties not found in their parts."
        },
        {
            "concept": "Modality",
            "description": "The study of necessity and possibility: what must be, what might be and what could have been."
        }
    ]
}